Samantha+M.

**SAM'S OFFICIAL RESEARCH PAPER ABOUT HERNAN CORTES!!!** [] - "When did you last see your Father? [] - History Channel Sites/Trojan War



9/21/09 Research Topic Questions - The Trojan War

1. Was Paris forced to choose the fairsest Goddess to receive the Apple of Discord?

2. How much was the riches Paris stole along with kidnapping Helen worth?

3. Were there other tensions among the Greeks and Trojans before Paris kidnapped Helen? If so what were they?

10/7/09 - “When did you last see your Father” Story The two women in the background are mother (black dress) and daughter (green dress) along with the little girl and boy, they are all a Royal family. They were taken by the Sergeant, Parliament soldier and the man in the far right corner while they were in hiding from Parliament. The Father of their family is a major general for the Royal’s, so they were stashed away to keep them from revealing any important information. The little royal boy is being interrogated by the red haired man leaning forward. The royal boy remains very calm because he knows what the consequences are if he reveals any thing about his Father. His sister, the little royal girl standing behind him is next to be interrogated. She is worried about what will happen to her family if anything important is revealed. You can see the mother and daughter’s look of concern, but they are not as emotionally unstable as the little girl. The sergeant that is holding the little girl felt guilty about kidnapping an innocent family. ”Their father’s job has nothing to do with them, so why should they be punished,” he thinks to himself. The man wearing the yellow sash in the center is a parliament soldier. As you can see by the blank expression on his face, he is ashamed of what he had done, like the Sergeant. The bald man writing is a Parliament clerk; he is simply recording the interrogation like at a normal trial. The man standing next to him assisted in the capture of the royal family, he is trying to detect any sense of lying in the little boys face as an excuse to punish him. Sitting behind the interrogator looks to be a man of few words. He seems to be wishing for the royal family to be punished and want them to be as soon as possible. The man in the far right may be a Parliament soldier is also trying to detect lies in the interrogation but also may feel a little guilty about capturing an innocent family. After the royal family was interrogated, the members of Parliament decided to keep them hostage to pry more info out of the Father about the royals.

10/15/09 2 Thesis Statements 1. Paris, the Prince of Troy should not have kidnapped Helen because it was obvious that the Greeks army would retaliate by finding Troy, taking back Helen and possibly starting a war.

2. Eris, the goddess of Discord should not have barged in on the wedding of Peleus and Thetis because knowing that the Apple of Discord would trigger a greedy battle between Aphrodite, Hera and Athena was obvious that the outcome would not be good.

10/21/09 - Final Thesis Statement the Trojan War Based on what the Greeks and Trojans believed. Even though he was bribed by Aphrodite, Paris should not have kidnapped Helen, because it was obvious the Greeks would find Troy and extract revenge for the kidnapping.

Although Hernan Cortes was an accomplished explorer, he was also a ruthless villain because of the greedy acts he committed by conquering the indigenous people.
 * 11/2/09 - Thesis Statement Cortes**

MLA: Modern Language Association
 * 10/24/09 - MLA Format Definition**


 * Bibliography for TW Sites**

Burgess, Jonathan S. The tradition of the Trojan War in ... - Google Books. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. 24 Oct 2009 .

“Homer :: The Iliad -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia.” 24 Oct 2009 .

Kristof, Nicholas D. “Lessons of Troy.” The New York Times Company (2003). 24 Oct 2009 <http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Locale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253AFQE%253D%2528su%252CNone%252C14%2529The%2BTrojan%2BWar%2524&contentSet=IAC-Documents&sort=DateDescend&tabID=T004&sgCurrentPosition=0&subjectAction=DISPLAY_SUBJECTS&prodId=OVRC&searchId=R6&currentPosition=6&userGroupName=dixf02023&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&sgHitCountType=None&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28SU%2CNone%2C14%29The+Trojan+War%24&inPS=true&searchType=BasicSearchForm&displaySubject=&docId=A98920147&docType=IAC>.

“Paris -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia.” Paris. 24 Oct 2009 .

Wood, Michael. In search of the Trojan War - Google Books. British Broadcasting Corporation, 1985. 24 Oct 2009 .

__**Plagiarism**__ 10 on home Wiki 1.What is Plagiarism? The stealing of words, ideas, images or creative works from someone else or to falsely state the results of your research. It is considered as cheating but is called plagiarism when referring to research papers.

2.Why is it important not to plagiarize? To gain knowledge and develop skills you have to do it honestly or you won't learn anything, which doesn't help you in the long run. Not to mention if you are caught plagiarizing there will be many consequences (see ?'s 3-5). If you do plagiarize you are stealing work from someone else and not giving them credit for it. How would you feel if you spent a whole semester writing a paper and then you post it online and then someone copy and pastes quotes from that paper and passes it in without giving you credit for it, without citing their sources. You would be pretty mad because your the one who worked so hard to write that paper, not them.

3. What is the difference between plagiarism and copyright violation? Plagiarism is taking the words from someone's work and calling it your own. While copyrighting is re-posting something that has already been published or authorized. If you are caught copyrighting you could pay up to a $250,000 dollar fine.

4. What are the consequences for plagiarism at Dirigo High School? It depends on the situation but for cheating/plagiarizin. A student at Dirigo High School can receive a non passing grade on the assignment, redo it and have a parental conference.You average grade in that class could go down a whole letter grade(ex: A drops down to a B). You could lose a credit for the semester or be removed from the class. In addition offenses could be chosen by the administrator.

5. What are the consequences for Plagiarism in college? If you plagiarize in college you could possibly get kicked out or suspended and you will not receive credit for courses taking place during you suspension. It depends on what the circumstances are. Grad School students will be held to it even more than students in college.

6. How can you avoid plagiarism? Choose your sources carefully, get the best and most useful ones, ask who, what, when, where, why and how. Take careful notes, choose something to research and narrow it down as much as possible. As you take notes break up the info, place quotation marks around the words you copy and paste. Use the author's quotes in your final draft but avoid long ones. Summarize carefully don't echo a sentence. The summary should always be shorter than what you are summarizing.

Test Outline - 11/5/09 Test Review Outline

Intro l.Creating your own wiki a.Wiki’s help you keep track of your assignments and show your ideas 1.You can access it from any computer b.Learning styles 1.My 2 learning styles are mostly verbal and solitary 2.Verbal is when you learn better by hearing things 3.Solitary is when you think to yourself about what your learning

ll. Procrastination a.to put off doing something 1.Types: pleasure seeking, task enormity, fear of failure, fear of success, perfectionism, insufficient skills 2.Pleasure seeking: getting distracting by video games, food etc 3.Task enormity: not even starting an assignment because you think you won’t be able to finish it 4.fear of failure: not doing an assignment because your afraid you’ll fail anyway 5.fear of success: not doing an assignment because your afraid the teacher will expect too much of you next time or your friends will think your a nerd 7.perfectionism: writing everything you could possibly think of down or correction every little thing 8.insufficient skills: not knowing how to do the assignment b.When you procrastinate you are basically making poor decisions for yourself 1.These poor decisions only affect you in a bad way

lll. Choosing a Topic a.There are many reasons you could write a research paper 1.To persuade, to explain the importance, to educate 2. Only pick a subject that interests you, it won’t be a good paper if your not interested b.Use different references to pick your topic 1.Newspapers, internet, TV (news) current periodicals, magazines and articles 2.look to see if your surroundings interest you, the events you have lived through make a good topic c.Focus and Narrow your idea 1.Make it specific and manageable 2.Should be a debatable issue 3.Provides you with a chance to be persuasive d.Don’t choose a topic that doesn’t have a lot of info about it 1.it will cause trouble for you when you start collecting info about it 2.Don’t pick a topic that is ordinary and worn out or not worthy of research

lV. Research Questions & Evaluating Internet Sources a.Make your topic not too broad or too narrow 1.“Does McDonald's or Burger King make a better burger?” This topic is NOT researchable, it has no concrete meaning. What does better mean?, nutrition, taste etc. 2.“Is Prozac a good way to treat clinical depression in certain cases?” This topic IS researchable. You have a lot of info to sift through if you want to support your opinion, but there is enough. b.What’s the difference between a primary and secondary source? 1.primary: a source that you know is right because it is straight from what you are researching and is accurate 2.secondary: a source that might help you with your research but you can’t be sure if it is accurate or not c. Ask your self the following ?’s 1.Does the page take a long time to load? 2.Do any pictures add to the info? 3.Is the spelling correct on the page? 4.Are there heading and subheading on the page? If so, are they helpful? 5.Is the page signed by the author? Does it have any info about the author? 6.Is there a date on the page that tells you when it was last updated. If so, are they helpful?

V.What’s your Thesis(TS)? a.TS answer a question about the topic you are researching, the idea that you construct your paper around 1.A good TS has: takes on a subject that reasonable people could disagree 2.deals with a subject that can be fairly treated 3.expresses one main idea 4.state your conclusions about a subject b.3 parts to a TS are the following 1.Concessive Statement: to give something away (even though, due to the fact...) 2.Make a statement: your opinion 3.Because statement: state why your opinion is true

Vl. Citing your sources a.Cite your sources in MLA format (Modern Language Assoc.) 1.Zotero: is a site that helps you collect, manage and cite your research sources. It will even make your bibliography for you. 2. Google scholar, Marvel (library) and Opposing Viewpoints (library) will help you find more accurate info b.Google scholar: has educational info based on books 1.Hyperwords: an add on to firefox where you can highlight and word and see what it means or translate it etc. 2.Marvel: gives you already cited articles about whatever you want to research 3.Opposing Viewpoints: gives you a choice on whatever you want to research under several sources (magazines, websites etc)

Vll. Plagiarizing a. the stealing of words, ideas or images from someone else. You won’t learn anything if you don’t read and cite your sources 1.If If you are caught plagiarizing you could get kicked out of school or suspended, average in that class can go down a whole letter grade (B+ would go to a C+) or you could loose the credits you are supposed to earn for that class and have to take the class again 2.Plagiarizing: is copying someone else’s ideas and calling them your own and copy righting is re-posting something that has already been published or authorized 3.to avoid plagiarism put the info you read into your own words but site them correctly 4.put the info you don’t put into your own words in “quotation marks” 5.summarize, choose your sources carefully by asking who, what, when, where, why and how?

Vlll. The difference between Paraphrasing and Summarizing a. b.Note cards in Zotero in Zotero you can make a bibliography and take notes on that same program when you are done filling in all the info and taking notes, create the bibliography save this as a PDF and post to your wiki so you will always have the info

[] Analyze the major social, economic, political, and cultural features of European society, and in particular of Spain and Portugal, that stimulated exploration and conquest overseas. [Identify issues and problems in the past] [] 6n6GFlR_GOxtw&hl=en&ei=otr-SuCLC4LGlAf3-K2PCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=First%20global%20age% 20%2B%20Columbus&f=false pg 11 for Cortes [|www.sfponline.org/Uploads/188/The_First_Global_Age.ppt] []. wikispaces.com/Pirate%2BBases&h=327&w=448&sz=171&tbnid=eCF8UkQKvZD86M:&tbnh=93&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtriangular%2 Btrade&hl=en&usg=__NfVbkv__8ZzJq0zvz41Vpvp6OEw=&ei=CRUAS-K4I9SFnQfL2fEP&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=4&ct=image&ved=0CBQQ9 QEwAw - Triangular trade []+ first+global+age&ots=5U7tRSxhNb&sig=GTsN3IiXR-gxgEJ2P9AqXs6r3iY#v=onepage&q=&f=false
 * The First Global Age - 11/15/09**

Also known as the "years of revolution", the first Global Age, which took place from the 1400s to the 1900s has changed the world as we know it today.Starting with Portugal's expedition to Asia for spices and ending with the thriving technology industry we have today, there are still different opinions of how it all started. Although Christopher Columbus introduced the Americas, also known as the New World, to Europe in 1492, he wasn't the start of the political revolutions of the first global age, Portugal was, because their explorations triggered Columbus's curiosity in the first place. The Mongol Empire of Asia began trading with Europe over the land. When the Empire was destroyed the trading business collapsed between Asia and Europe. Missing these goods that they were no longer receiving from Asia, Spain and Portugal setout on and expedition to find the Moluccas, a group of islands in Indonesia, which Europeans called Spice Islands. To find the wealth of Asia, Portugal sought a route to Asia and ended up finding it with the help of Barholemeau Dias. Dias discovered a passage way to Asia from The Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. In 1497, Vasco da Gama reached the great spice port of Calicut on the west coast of India. Gama forced a treaty of friendship on the ruler of Calicut, in 1502. As a result, the Portuguese conquered major ports around the Indian Ocean which created a vast trading empire for Portugal. Portugal was beginning to gain power of the oceans of the world. The Spanish monarchs Fredinand and Isabella were becoming jeleous. They also wanted control of the eastern seas, so they hired Italian Captain, Christopher Columbus. Columbus thought he could sail west across the "Ocean Sea" and get to the Spice Islands, where the Asian riches still lay. Instead of arriving at the Spice Islands in Japan, he really arrived in the present day Americas. This sparked major interests in Spanish explorers in the1500s, who came looking for gold. Explorers such as Hernan Cortes came and discovered many important factors of Mexico and North America. If it was not for the expeditions of the Portugese to Asia to search for spices, which sparked Spain's curiosity, the first global age could have been a completely different historical setting as we know it. After the New World was discovered and it grew, Europeans needed more slaves to help with their explorations. Even though many Europeans didn't like the idea of slavery, they enjoyed the products of slavery, so this brought on the triangular trade. William Cowper an English poet said this: "I own I am shocked at the purchase of slaves, And fear those who buy them and sell them are knaves; What I hear of their hardships, their tortures and groans, Is almost enough to draw pity from stones. I pity them greatly, but I must be mum, For how could we do without sugar and rum?" The triangular trade was a business that traded slaves and the goods they were forced to make. It brought sugar, tobacco and cotton etc to Europe from the America's. From Europe to Africa went textiles, rum and manufactured goods. And from Africa to the Americas went the slaves. This trade obviously improved worked out well for the Europeans, but what about the slaves that were being traded. There were some reasons why the Europeans thought slavery was for the best of themselves and the slaves. Captain William Snelgrave was a dealer in slave trade and these next few sentences quote his published works from his experience in 1734. "First, it is evident, that the abundance of captives taken in war would be inhumanely destroyed, was there not an opportunity to dispose of them to the Europeans. So that at least many lives are saved, and great numbers of useful persons kept in being." "Secondly, when they are carried to the plantations, they generally live much better there, than they ever did in their own country; for as the planters pay a great price for them, tis their interest to take care of them." This is a great example of why the Declaration of Independance, also a very important factor in the first global age, was written in the first place. People who should have been free to do what they want were being forced to follow the orders of others, simply because they had more power and thought they knew what would be best for the slaves. This major factor in the first global age would not have happened if the Europeans didn't have any riches to trade in the first place, they wouldn't have needed slaves to do all the work. It's hard to believe it all started with a little country called Portugal and their mission to become a richer nation.


 * REVISED First Global Age - 11/17/09**

Also known as the "years of revolution", the first Global Age, which took place from the 1400s to the 1900s has changed the world as we know it today. Starting with Portugal's expedition to Asia for spices and ending with the thriving technology industry we have today, there are still different opinions of how it all started. Although Christopher Columbus introduced the Americas, also known as the New World, to Europe in 1492, he wasn't the start of the political revolutions of the first global age, Portugal was, because their explorations triggered Columbus's curiosity in the first place.

The Mongol Empire of Asia began trading with Europe over the land. When the Empire was destroyed the trading business collapsed between Asia and Europe. Missing these goods that they were no longer receiving from Asia, Spain and Portugal set out on and expedition to find the Moluccas, a group of islands in Indonesia, which Europeans called Spice Islands. To find the wealth of Asia, Portugal sought a route to Asia and ended up finding it with the help of Barholemeau Dias. Dias discovered a passage way to Asia from The Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. In 1497, Vasco da Gama reached the great spice port of Calicut on the west coast of India. As a result, the Portuguese conquered major ports around the Indian Ocean which created a vast trading empire for Portugal.

As Portugal was gaining power of the oceans of in the world, the Spanish monarchs Fredinand and Isabella were becoming jealous. They also wanted control of the eastern seas, so they hired Italian Captain, Christopher Columbus. Columbus thought he could sail west across the "Ocean Sea" and get to the Spice Islands in Japan. Instead of arriving at the Spice Islands, he really arrived in the present day Americas. This sparked major interests in Spanish explorers in the 1500s, who came looking for gold. Explorers such as Hernan Cortes came and discovered many important factors of Mexico and North America. If it was not for the expeditions of the Portuguese to Asia to search for spices, which triggered Spain's curiosity, the first global age could have been a completely different historical setting as we know it.

After the New World was discovered and it grew, the Europeans needed more slaves to help with their explorations. Even though many Europeans didn't like the idea of slavery, they ignored their conscious because they enjoyed the products of slavery, so this brought on the triangular trade. The triangular trade was a business that traded slaves and the goods they were forced to make. It brought sugar, tobacco and cotton to Europe from the America's. From Europe to Africa went textiles, rum and manufactured goods. And from Africa to the Americas went the slaves. This trade obviously improved their economy and worked out well for the Europeans, but what about the slaves that were being traded.

There were some reasons why the Europeans thought slavery was for the best for themselves and the slaves. Captain William Snelgrave was a dealer in slave trade and these next few sentences quote his published works from his experience in 1734. "First, it is evident, that the abundance of captives taken in war would be inhumanely destroyed, was there not an opportunity to dispose of them to the Europeans. So that at least many lives are saved, and great numbers of useful persons kept in being." "Secondly, when they are carried to the plantations, they generally live much better there, than they ever did in their own country; for as the planters pay a great price for them, tis their interest to take care of them." This is a great example of why the Declaration of Independence, also a very important factor in the first global age, was written in the first place. Like in 1776, when the Declaration was written, powerless people who should have been free to do what they wanted were being forced to follow the orders of others that were more powerful and thought they knew what was best.

This major factor in the first global age would not have happened if the Europeans didn't have any riches to trade in the first place, they wouldn't have needed slaves to do all the work to harvest even more of these riches. It's hard to believe it all started with a little country called Portugal and their mission to become a richer nation.


 * Intro Paragraph to Research Paper(Revised from discussion forum)**

He heard the clinking of chains on the ankles and wrists of the gaunt indigenous Indians of New Spain as he set out on the first bloody chapter of his mission to conquer a whole new world. The greedy purpose of this mission consisted of filling this new world with the supposedly “superior” beliefs and ideas of the powerful and almighty Europe. Spanish explorer, Hernan Cortes was the cause of this horrendous historical setting. He had a mission, and that mission was to rule and conquer New Spain with no mercy. Although Hernan Cortes was an accomplished explorer, he was also a ruthless villain because of the greedy acts he committed by conquering the indigenous people.

He heard the clinking of chains on the ankles and wrists of the gaunt indigenous Indians of New Spain as he set out on the first bloody chapter of his mission to conquer a whole new world. The purpose of this mission consisted of filling this new world with the supposedly “superior” beliefs and ideas of the powerful and almighty Europe. Spanish explorer, Hernan Cortes caused this horrendous historical setting. He had a mission, and that mission was to rule and conquer New Spain with no mercy. Although Cortes was an accomplished explorer, he was also a ruthless villain because of the heartless greed and violence he committed against the indigenous people that he conquered.
 * Intro Paragraph to Research Paper(Revised from meeting with Mr. Rowley)**

Samantha M. Morse Mr. Rowley Historical Research and Writing November 19, 2009 The wrath of Hernan Cortes
 * Bibliography w/Book Source**

He heard the clinking of chains on the ankles and wrists of the gaunt indigenous Indians of New Spain as he set out on the first bloody chapter of his mission to conquer a whole new world. The greedy purpose of this mission consisted of filling this new world with the supposedly “superior” beliefs and ideas of the almighty, powerful Europe. Spanish explorer, Hernan Cortes was the cause of this horrendous historical setting. He had a mission, and that mission was to rule and conquer with no mercy. Although Hernan Cortes was an accomplished explorer, he was also a ruthless villain because of the greedy acts he committed by conquering the indigenous people.

“BBC - History - Hernando Cortés (1485-1547).” Hernando Cortes 2009. Web. 2 Nov 2009.
 * Bold Sources are ones used in outline!!!!!**

“Britannica 3.” Britannica Micropaedia Ready Reference. 15th ed. Chicago, Il: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2007. pg 653, 773. Web. 24 Nov 2009.


 * Byers, Paula K. “Hernan Cortes.” Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2nd ed. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1998. pg.255-256. Web. 10 Nov 2009.**


 * “Cortés - Wikipedia.” Hernan Cortes. Web. 2 Nov 2009.**


 * “CUAUHT&Eacute;MOC (HC La Noch Triste).” Encyclopedia Cuauhtemoc 2006. Web. 3 Dec 2009.**

Golson, Geoffrey. “Encyc of World History.” Enyclopedia of World History. Infobase Publishing, 2008. 89-90. Web. 16 Nov 2009.

“Hernan Cortez: Biography of Hernan Cortez.” Web. 2 Nov 2009.


 * Mexico A Story of Courgae and Conquest (Mexico Video). New Video Group/History Channel, 1999. Dirigo High School Library. Web. 3 Dec 2009.**


 * “Britannica 15.” Macropaedia Knowledge in Depth. Chicago, Il: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2007. pg 665. Web. 30 Nov 2009.**

“Britannica 22.” The New Encyclopedia Britannica Knowledge in Depth. Chicago, Il: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2007. pg 800-801. Web. 24 Nov 2009.

“Britannica 24.” Web. 24 Nov 2009.


 * “Britannica 3.” Britannica Micropaedia Ready Reference. 15th ed. Chicago, Il: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2007. pg 653, 773. Web. 24 Nov 2009.**


 * “Britannica 9 Quetzalcoatl.” The New Encyclopedia Britannica Micropaedia Ready Reference. Chicago, Il: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2007. pg 855. Web. 1 Dec 2009.**

Outline Introduction: He heard the clinking of chains on the ankles and wrists of the gaunt indigenous Indians of New Spain as he set out on the first bloody chapter of his mission to conquer a whole new world. The greedy purpose of this mission consisted of filling this new world with the supposedly “superior” beliefs and ideas of the almighty, powerful Europe. Spanish explorer, Hernan Cortes was the cause of this horrendous historical setting. He had a mission, and that mission was to rule and conquer with no mercy. Thesis: Although Hernan Cortes was an accomplished explorer, he was also a ruthless villain because of the greedy acts he committed by conquering the indigenous people. Arriving in the New World (Cortes Wikipedia), Cortes was originally going to sail to the New World with his distant relative Nicolas de Ovando, who was Governor of Hispaniola (now Haiti and Dominican Republic) but couldn’t because he was injured after having an affair with a married woman A. Not well known, Cortes’ secretary, Francisco Lopez de Gomara describes Cortes as “ruthless, haughty, mischievous, and quarrelsome, a source of trouble to his parents.”(Britannica 3) Sailed for the New World in 1504, Sailed for the New World in 1504 and arrived in Hispaniola’s capitol, Santo Domingo, and became a colonist Received “repartimiento”, Later, Governor Nicolas de Ovando gave him a “repartimiento” of indians and made him a notary of the town Azua de Compostela, this allowed him to perform legal formalities. He became well known throughout Hispaniola within the next five years. Helped Conquer Hispaniola, In 1506 Cortes helped conquer Hispaniola and Cuba. He received an estate of land and Indian slaves for his work in the expedition. 3. In Cuba(Cortes Wikipedia), In 1511 Cortes sailed to help Governor Velazquez make sure that King Charles V received 1/5 of the earning from the expedition. helping Governor Velazquez, his secretary(Mexico Video) Cortes was put into the high political position of Governor’s Secretary used Indian slaves, being the Governor’s Secretary he received Indian slaves, mines and cattle. In 1514 led a group which demanded Indian slaves be given to the settlers. Was appointed to go on an expedition to Mexico(Cortes Wikipedia & Hernan Cortes, Byers), Velazquez wanted to establish a colony in Mexico where there was rumor of gold and silver. He appointed Cortes to lead an expedition to Mexico. Their relationship was becoming strained and Velazquez became suspicious of Cortes, so he appointed someone else to lead the expedition. betrayed Velazquez, Cortes betrayed Velazquez by setting sail anyway didn’t pay his men, but promised gold, glory and service to god if they succeeded (Mexico Video), After he betrayed Velazquez and set sail for Mexico, he didn’t pay his men but promised them gold, glory and service to God, that is if they succeeded in their mission. landed in Vera Cruz, which he made into a city, Cortes and his fleet landed in Vera Cruz on April 2nd, 1519 on Good Friday. There was nothing there but the beach which Cortes made into a great city. 4. Montezuma’s Gifts (Mexico Video) Montezuma leader of the Aztecs was suspicious of the “white skinned men” Montezuma thought he might be Quetzlcoatl, God of the morning and evening star, also known as feathered serpent, Patron of Priests, Cortes resembled Quetzlcoatl, the God of the morning and evening star, who stated he would return someday. During this time Quetzlcoatl was also known as the “Patron of Priests”. (Britannica 9 Quetzlcoatl) Montezuma feared Cortes because to him and his people it was possible that Cortes was Quetzlcoatl, they sent gifts because he didn’t want to offend Cortes. he said to go away, but sent presents to welcome them to Mexico, Montezuma thought the gifts might persuade Cortes and his men to go away after asking them nicely and giving them gifts. D. Cortes greed was stronger than his conscious so he didn’t go away and planned to find the Aztecs and get more treasure. 5. Trip to Tenochititlan (Mexico Video) asked men if there was any doubts about battling the Indians, Before leaving to find Tenochititlan Cortes asked his men if there were any doubts about winning the coming battles, and those who had doubts could return to Cuba. killed those who had doubts, Some of his men did have doubts and stepped forward. “No, you can’t return to Cuba,” Cortes said. To Cortes those who stepped forward were his enemies so he hung them. Sunk his own ships, Cortes sunk his own ships to prevent any of his men from sailing back to Cuba. left Vera Cruz and got to Tlaxcala, On their way to find Tenochititlan they encountered the Tlaxcala Indians. They fought against Cortes for two weeks. Cortes convinced them to join, The Tlaxcalans couldn’t beat the Spaniards so they joined them in their journey to conquer the Aztecs in Tenochititlan, who was the Tlaxcalans old time enemy. (Hernan Cortes, Byers) F. Cortes with his Spaniard/Indian fleet climbed to Tenochititlan, Eight months after sailing from Cuba, Cortes and his Spanish/Indian fleet climbed over the mountains of Tenochititlan, Montezuma walked up to Cortes who said “Are you he?” “I am he,” stated Montezuma. Montezuma didn’t send him away, he didn’t want to offend him, Montezuma still didn’t know if Cortes was Quetzlcoatl or not. So he let Cortes into Tenochititlan anyway, so he wouldn’t offend him 6. Taking Tenochititlan(Mexico Video) Spanish were more powerful because of their advanced technologies, The Spanish had horses, swords and cannons. The Aztecs had never seen this advanced technology before the Spanish came. Cortes took Montezuma hostage, Using this power to threaten he took Montezuma hostage and ruled Tenochititlan through him. Montezuma showed them treasure, Montezuma led Cortes and his men to his personal treasure, which consisted of a room full of gold. 7. Confronting Velazquez’s fleet(Mexico Video) Fleet sent from Velazquez, Governor Velazquez sent a fleet of men from Cuba to Mexico to capture Cortes and hang him for treason. Landed in spring 1520, The fleet landed in Vera Cruz in the spring of 1520. C. Cortes marched 150 miles, When Cortes got word of this, he marched one hundred fifty miles to Vera Cruz to confront Velazquez’s fleet D. Went back with more men, Instead of being hanged Cortes convinced Velazquez’s men to join his cause and defeat the Aztecs. Cortes ended up going back to Tenochititlan with more men. 8. Back in Tenochititlan(Mexico Video) Aztecs performed human sacrifice while Cortes was gone, While Cortes was gone the indigenous people of Tenochititlan performed human sacrifice, which Cortes had banned. Spaniards attacked, In retaliation the Spaniards attacked and destroyed every temple in Tenochititlan. They also killed three thousand Indians Aztecs turned against Montezuma, This made the Aztecs turn against their ruler, Montezuma. The indigenous thought Montezuma had joined the Spanish. Ordered his people to stop fighting, Montezuma climbed to the top of a building and ordered his people to stop fighting. Montezuma was killed, this made Montezuma the last Aztec Emperor in Mexico (HC La Noche Triste), His people were no longer taking orders from him so they shouted insults and war cries. A stone was thrown which killed Montezuma, this made him the last Aztec Emperor in Mexico. 9. Going back to Tenochititlan(Mexico Video) Cortes returned, city was destroyed, When Cortes returned to Tenochititlan the city was in ruins. Spainiards stole treasure, Cortes and his army went to Montezuma’s room of gold and stole as much treasure as they could carry and ran away. C Aztecs attacked, organized by Cuauhtémoc, Cuauhtemoc, Montezuma’s nephew and his successor after his death, sent thousands of his people to attack the Spaniards with arrows. (HC La Noche Triste) D. Spaniards sunk, As they were running away the Spanish dove into the ocean to avoid Aztec arrows. Some sunk because the treasure was too heavy to swim with. E. Some survived and escaped into the mountains w/ Cortes. Those who survived escaped with Cortes into the mountains. F. Killed a chief, Cortes marched to an enemy line and killed one of their chiefs, this allowed Cortes to escape. G. Battle was called La Noche Triste “sad night” in Spanish. This battle between the Aztecs and the Spanish was called La Noche Triste or “sad night” in Spanish. 10. Going back to Tenochititlan in the Spring (Mexico Video) Army grew stronger after La Noche Triste, 100,000 troops. In the Spring of 1521, Cortes’ army was stronger. He marched with one hundred thousand troops back to Tenochititlan. Aztecs were weaker, The Aztecs were weaker because of the casualties Cortes and his army inflicted. Aztecs were loosing terribly, The Aztecs sacrificed sixty six Spaniards but were still loosing terribly. The Spanish had advanced technology compared to the Aztecs, which included horses, swords and cannons 11. Cuauhtemoc(HC La Noch Triste)/(Mexico Video) Cuauhtemoc asked Cortes to kill him, Cuauhtemoc was brought to Cortes and asked Cortes to “strike him dead” with the knife in his belt. Imprisoned for 4 years, Cortes imprisoned Cuauhtemoc for four years. Hanged, After he was imprisoned Cortes hung Cuauhtemoc for rebellion. New Spain(Mexico Video/Hernan Cortes, Byers) Brought European civilization, After Cortes conquered Tenochititlan, his ruling brought European civilization. Tenochititlan was now called New Spain, or Mexico City. B. More troops, Cortes sent his lieutenants to conquer other Indian groups of Mexico C. Religious/cultural center, Mexico City grew and became the political, religious cultural center of New Spain.Cortes introduced of European plants and animals. Some came to New Spain looking for wealth. D. Indians to Christianity, Cortes ordered the indigenous people of New Spain to be converted to Christianity. Most of the Indian civilization was destroyed. Thanks to Cortes, by 1640 only one million indians survived out of the twenty to thirty million. Back to Spain(Mexico Video) Went back to Spain, Cortes sailed back to Spain where King Charles V gave him the power of Captain General. Wanted Governor, Cortes wanted the position of Governor of New Spain so he said to the King, “I am the man who gave you more towns than your father left you!” Sending more men,(Britannica 15) Pedrarias and Cordoba, two conquistadors much like Cortes, were conquering lower Central America. While this was happening Cortes was looking south. Sent more men to conquer, In 1524 he sent Cristobal de Olid to sail for Honduras. He also sent Pedro de Alvarado to conquer Guatemala. Cortes was betrayed, During Olid’s expedition he discovered the port of Triunfo de la Cruz and stated his independence from Cortes. Pedrarias and Gonzalez, When Cortes returned to Nicaragua he planned to claim it as his own. Conflict formed between himself, and fellow conquistadors Pedrarias and Gonzalez.